Mold or form for concrete walls.



I. N. GATES.

HOLD 0B FORM FOB CONCRETE WALLS.

APPLICATION FILED JUL! 27, 190B.

Patented July 5,1910. l

M fllll I. N. GATES.

MoLn on roBM Fon ooNonL'rL WALLS.

APPLIOATIO! FILED JULY 7, 1908.

Patented July 5, 1910.

n anna-sumar 2.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ISAAC N. GATES, OF PERIA, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO DANIEL R.SHEEP: OF PEORIA, ILLINOIS.

MOLD 0R FORM FOR CONCRETE WALLS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 5, 1910.

Application filed July 27, 1908. Serial No. 445,642.

T o all ywhom it may concern:

lle it known that l, lsAAo N. GATES, a citizen of the United States,residing at leoria, in the county of Peoria and State of Illinois, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Molds or Forms fortonerete. lValls; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full,clear, and exact description ot' the invention, Which will enable othersskilled in the art to Which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to ay mold for coustruetinfr hollow or partiallyhollow conerete luulding-walls.

The invention also relates to the construction ot walls having aircavities or assages, and it relates further to a molti, or lformprovided with removable cores for making building walls with aircavities and said walls being constructed in a single mass of concreteon. the site it is occupy.

One of the ob'ects of the invention is to construct a building-wall ofany given size in one unbroken member or unit havingr air passagesextending therethrough preferably l'rom top to bottom such wall beingformed of a composition ot sand, gravel; crushed sione or other likesubstance combined with cement, coal-tar or other adhesive substanceusually employed for forming artificial stone or concrete.

A further object is to provide a form of mold by which a. wall, such asdescribed may be constructed quickly and easily and at the leastpossible expense for the paraphernalia employed.

A further object is to provide a mold of peculiar construction by whicha, wall such as described may be constnicted easily and quickly by anunskilled person.

Another object. is to provide a mold and` eores for the same for use inconstructing a wall with air passages and provide lor said cores asuitable covering to prevent eontact oi the concreto therewith and fromwhich covering said cores can be easily removed when desired.

Various other objects will a pear in the following specification, and te invention besides the objects above enumerated relates to certaindetails of construction as will be pointed out herein and form thesubJect of certain of the tiilaims.

In the appended drawing, Figure 1 is a transverse section of my moldinto parts of which tbe cement or concrete has been placed. Fig. 2 is aside elevation of part of the mold shown in Fi l with parts broken awayto show the interior. Fig. 3 is a plan ot the mold and a series of coressuspended therein. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a portion of the moldshowing a core suspended' therein and a protecting housing or captherefor. Fig. 5 is a plan of the mold showing a different arran ementof the cores from that shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 6 is a perspective view ofone of the coverings for the cores. Fig. 7 is a perspective of aeoverinfr for certain bolts which are employed to hold certain portionsof the mold together. Fig. 8 is a side elevation of a bar forsupportiner a core, and employed also as a gage for the mold-sectionsand to secure the sections of the mold relatively. Fig. t) is a plan ofa portion of a concrete wall as I prefer to construct it. Fig. 10 is alsectional elevation of a portion of a building showing the manner ofusing its spaces l'or Ventilating and heating purposes.

llefore entering upon the description ot my mold and its product., Idesire to state some of the advantages to be derived therefrom.

lt is my purpose in constructing a Wall to leave air spaces or passageswhich preterablv extend vertically from bottom to top of the wall. lnorder that these oassages may be left while building the Wall I eniploya core of short length, which as the wall rises higher and higher can beraised from time. to time and built around with cement as section aftersection of mold sections are added, so that in constructing a. wall otthis kind it. is not necessary to have ma great. many parts oraccessories, in the matter o'l cores at least, and in order that thismethod may be readily and easily carried out l have provided a suitablecovering for the eores such tor instance as paper or otherv suitablematerial for preventlng the cement adhering thereto. If the cores arenot in contact with the cement they can be easily raised out of the Wallunder construction and used for further continuing the height. of thepassage or cavityleft by it.. This provision besides permitting thecores to be very easily removed prevents damage in any way to thestrilcture in the withdrawal thereof.

In tho drawing and specification letters ot reference correspond.`

A A represent two sides or sections of a mold which. in Figs. 1 and 2are. the lower portions oit such mold while in these figures,"

also, li D indicate two other mold-sectioiis mounted upon the top edgesof those just described. These mold-sections are preferably made aslarge as possible without being too bulky to be conveniently handled andiu using them a. low foundation of cement or other desired inateiialindicated at (V may be constructed ot thc same thickness the finishedwall is to be, the lower edges of the. mold being placed each sidethereof, as indicated in the first four figures, and held in thatposition by any desired means such, for instance, as bolts D which passtherethrough and receive suitable tightening dcvices Fi preferably madeso as to be easily grasped by the hand. The saine means may be employedat the top ot the mold-sections as shown in Figs. l, 2 and 4t. or inpla-ce thereof or in addition thereto I may employ a gage F also shownin Figs. l, 2, 4 and 8 consisting ot ay member having ar notch G in itslower edge near each end into which enter the, top edges of the sectionsA, said notches G firmly holding the said sections a fixed distanceapart. Located within the mold at such places as air spaces are desired,is a series ot cores Il their positions being shown in dotted lines inFig. 2, the resulting s iaces or passages being shown in the finishecwall in Fig. 9. In Figs. 1 and 2 the. cores are shown suspended from themember F already described, while in Fig. 4 the cores rest upon thefoundation C being suppm'ted at its upper end by said member l". 'lhecores ai'c provided at their tops willi vertical slits J, one ot whichis shown in Fig. 8, to receive the member F. The upper ends of the coresare reduced in size lfor convenience, and a pin l( extends therethroughand through the members F. liy this means the cores are. held in avertical position and are. prevented troni movement at their lower endsby causing the member l" and the bottom of the slit to be. brought'.into firm contact. Or in addition to this or in lieu of it. VI may placeblocks I, between the cores and the sides A A as shown which will serve.to prevent. the lower ends of the cores moving. But in Fig. 3 I haverepresented stones or other easily procured substance at M to answer thesaine purpose. lovering the top of each core is an A-shaped cap N whichis slotted at each side as indicated at. 0 so as to fit over the saidsupporting member or gage F as clearly shown in Fig. 4, this beingemloyed to protect the parts when filling in t ie concrete. Said cap isturned inward toward the core and serves to protect and hold a coveringI) applied to the core. This said covering may consist of paper, orasbestos, or other suitable material. It of paper the covering is oiledor otherwise treated to make it impervious to water in which case one ortwo thicknesses will be sullicient to keep the cores dry but ifnuntreated paper is used two or more thicknesses are preferable. Thematerial is wrapped upon the cores before the latter are placed iiiposition or it may be furnished in a. hollow form and slipped thereon.

In Fig. 7 I show a tube Q of paper, asbestos or other suitable materialfor cover ing the bolts D hereinhefore described, the holes in the sidesA of the mold, for receiving the bolts being made sufliciently large toreceive both the `bolts and their coverings.

In assembling the mold the sides A are placed in position as beforedescribed and the bolts with their paper tubes are then pushedthroughtlie sides and secured in posit-ion by thel means alreadydescribed. In the figures I illustrate by the letter R two flaringboards which rest upon t-lie top edges of the mold and which are heldrelatively rigid by any suitable means for instance by using braces Sextending across their tops. Secured to their outerl surfaces andextending below their edges are suitable straps T which engage the outersurfaces of theJ said sides A and serve to hold said boards in positionand the latter are provided with notches R in their lower edges toreceive the member F so that said boards can be set down in place, saidnotches R also regulating the distance between the members F. All theparts being in place and in readiness for work, the concrete is filledinto the molds along its entire length or from corner to corner of thebuilding, or as fa as the molds may extend, the caps N during thefilliner operation fully protect-ing the cores and their papercoverings. After the mold has been filled the flaring sides It areremoved and the cores are withdrawn from their positions and out oftheir coverings l a i, if desired, may be slightly tapered to facilitatetheir removal. llaving removed the cores after the cement hassulliciently set, additional mold sections B already describe aremounted upon the top edges of the, sections A and held in position attheir upper edges by employing thel mem bers F or by means of the bo tsD, or both, as already described. Preferably the top edges ot the lowersections A are rabbeted as are also the lower edges of the section l sothat one may rest in the other and form a flush interior surface for themold. Secured to the top edges of the said section A, at intervals, arecleats U Whose upper ends serve to hold the sections A and B relativelyrigid. But other holding devices or equivalents of the cleats U may bereadily employed as will be suggested to the mind of .the skilledmechanic. The member F havlng been placed in position as described thecores are once more provided with new coverings l, and suspended fromthe member I" with their lower end hanging within the cavities formed atthe first operation, the caps are once more placed in position and theflaring sides It, constituting the hopper, are put in place. Theconcrete is once. more filled in to the desired height and anothersection ot the molds placed in position and so on until the wall of thedesired height is obtained. After the concrete is fully set so as tobear its own weight the mold sections are removed after withdrawing thebolts D leaving the paper tubes Q in position the latter being merelyused to allow said bolts to be easily removed. The holes left by thebolts may be closed with cement so that the finished wall will present atidy appearance.

In Fig. 5 I show a plan of a mold wherein a large n'llmber of cores arearranged in .such a way-i as to provide a considerable number of airspaces which are arranged in a zigzag orll sta rgered manner, and allhave the means already described, for su iporting them. Mounted uponsome of t e cores I show a metal cap V corresponding, in respect toutility, to the caps N of the other figures. This figure illustratescertain of the boltsl) or-rather their heads and clamping member E asdescribed for the other figures. Since the cores in this form ot mold donot admit of the said bolts passing between them, some of the singlecores or those shown by themselves are provided at their lower ends withnotches (not shown) to allow them to be readily pnt in place or removedwilhout interference from said bolts. I alsel show the manner ofbuilding the angle of two walls extending at right angles to oneanother. The mold members ol one wall abut against those of thc otherand certain lbf them carry corner brackets W which serve to position theend of the other sections in place. Fig. 2 also carries out this ideathe corner brackets being indicated at X there being one also above itindicated at Y which has a flaring upper portion for supporting theupper member It ol the hopper but this will be clear without d escriplion.

F i s. 1 and 2 show a floor beam or joist whici may be set in positionduring the building ot the wall. For instance I-beams 2 extend throughholes 3 of the sides Il of the mold and rest upon the section A beneathand the concrete is filled in around it as the building of the wallproceeds. The said holes B are, in reality, mere notches cut in thelower edges of the section B so that the latter can be set down oversaid beams.

Fig. 9 shows the manner in which I preferably construct the corner atthe joining oftwo Walls. The passages do not extend into the corner butthose ot one wall terminate substantially flush with the inner line ofthose of the other wall so as to leave a solid corner extending the tullheight of the building for strengthening purposes.

Fig 10 illustrates one way in which the air passages may be utilized forVentilating and for leatmg purposes, for instance, I have indicatedthree rooms, one above another, the lower one being for instance abasement roomfor a furnace. If desired to ventilate each one of theserooms provision is made by the insertion of a block (not shown) in thewall in cach room opposite a passage it is desired to open said blockslymg between the core and the side of the mold so that after the, wallis completed and hfe block is removed the opening will be In bringingout my invention I am fully aware that it 1s not new to provide airspaces in walls when constructed of hollow cement blocks or tiling onebuilt upon another to form a wall but I believe it is new to construct acontinuous wall or monolith after the manner described herein upon thesite the building is to occupy and to provide for forming the airpassages therein. Considerable advantage arises in building a solid wallof cement over that of blocks since a stronger structure will be the.result. Experience has shown that. in making blocks by any of theapproved methods it is impractieable to use avery wet cement whereas inmy method of construction there is nothing to prevent the use of a wellpuddled mivture. By being thoroughly wet the particles of cement arechanged 1n condition and form a very much more homogeneous mass. Inaddition to the statement above made as to my knowledge of the. existingart I may state also that I am also aware that solid concrete walls havebeen constructed on the site they are to occupy but so far as I knowthey were made without the Ventilating passa es.

y my method in constructing buildingwalls I am enabled to work withcomparatively tew of the. cores II since after having constructed a)ortion of the wall in which, for instance fi teen or twenty of suchcores have been used these may be withdrawn and carried to anotherport-lon of the wall and thence to another portion and so on around theentire buildin The cores may be hollow so as to be vlielit in wei ht andthey may be made of wood or metalr or even of tile, and the sections Aand B may also be made of wood or metal. Besides employing coverings forthe cores, coverings may be likewise em loyed to protect the inner .sur-

lie mold sections where said sections would come in contact wi th thecement, such a provision being made in order to permit of making aperfectly smooth Finished surface t'or the structure.

Considerable advantage arises :from the nianner in which the ca i orhood N which covers the eore Il is use( It'. is not secured to any oftheother parts of the device. In addition, the cores are separate from themembers 'F and can be placed in position or removed at will and as thisis possible various combinations can be made, as tor instance, withoutspecial structures more than one core can be aitixed to a member F as inFig. 5 to arrange for the plurality of staggered air spaces described bythe use of the removal-.ile pins K. A hood or cap can now be placed uponeach core to protect it, and the two edges thereof in being inturuedtoward the core engaffe the covering and hold iti-trom slipping dbwn andat the same time prevent. the cement from lodging thereon or gettingbetween it and the core said cap being held securely in its adjustmentby being slotted to receive and to ride ast-ride the member F whichprevents movement in one direction and by engaging the core as describedit is prevented from mov. ing in the other direction.

In the use ot my device no special structure is necessary to arrange forbuilding a wall of any desired form, tor since all of the parts areseparable they may all be assembled as wanted so as to admit of buildingthe `term of wall structure desired. Another advantage is, that. as thecap is in no way affixed to the hopper the cores can be p aced anydistance apart along the top edge of the sides A and the caps adjustedto them as already described.

ll'aving described iny invention, l claim l. A mold for making a hollowconcrete structure consisting of means forming an inelosure tor saidstructure, a. member lying across and upon said means and bridging therecess inclo'sed by it, a core for attachnient to and to be suspendedfrom the member, a removably inserted device extending transverselythrough the member and the hifurcated ortion of the core whereby tosuspend said core from said member, a cap 'g to cover the `core and themember and a covering tor said core and from which it is ang-131withdrawn after the structure is formed, said cap adapted to engage andhold said covering during the forming of the structurc.

2. A mold for constructing building walls consisting ot the sideportions of' said mold, u member extending across and resting upon them,a core suspended vfrom said member, a. covering for the side of saidcore, a protecting cap to engage the member and to cover the end of thecore and the end of said covering and adapted to engage and hold thesaid covering and removiiible from said core and from the member.

3. A mold for constructing building walls consisting of the sideportions of said mold, a. member extending across and resting upon themand provideds with notches to receive the said portions, a coresuspended from the member and detachable therefrom, a covering for thecore, means to secure said core the member, a cap to cover and protectsaid member, the core, and the covering of said core and adapted to holdsaid covering, and removable from all of them.

4. A mold for constructing buildin lwalls consisting of the side portionof sai mold, a member extending across and restin upon them, a coresuspended from the mem er between the said ortions, a covering for thecore from which it is removable, a cap to cover the top of the core andthat portion of the member above it,l and removable from both and havinginwardly extending lower edges adapted to engage the said covering.

5. A mold for constructing buildin walls consisting of the side portionsof sai mold, a member extending across and resting upon them, a coresuspended from the member between the said portions, a covering for thecore from which it is removable, a cup to cover the top of the core andthat portion of the member above it, and removable from both and havinginwardly extending lower edges adapted to engage the said covering, saidcap having a. notch in two of its opposite sides to receive the member.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature, in presence of two witnesses.

ISAAC N. GATES.

Witnesses:

CLARENCE W. Hmm, DAN R. SHEEN.

